The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.